********************************************************************************
*       Date:       September 2016                                       
*
*       Purpose:   	Do-file to replicate Figure 4 of the article
*                  	"Taxing higher incomes: What makes the high-income earners 
*					consent to more progressive taxation in Latin America?"          
*
*					Figure 4
*
*       Authors:    Sarah Berens (University of Cologne)     
*					Armin von Schiller (German Development Institute & Hertie School of Governance)       
********************************************************************************
version 13.0
* Change directory
cd "C:your_path_to_the_folder"

* Note: please run the dofile "Replication_Taxing higher incomes_datamangement" to obtain the dataset to be used in order to replicate the results
use "Data generated through datamanagement dofile", clear


********************************************************************************

gen group_rich=0
replace group_rich=1 if wealth_group_3pais==3

gen group_middle=0
replace group_middle=1 if wealth_group_3pais==2


gen group_poor=0
replace group_poor=1 if wealth_group_3pais==1


gen gr_richXreliability_avs=group_rich*reliability_avs
gen gr_middleXreliability_avs=group_middle*reliability_avs
gen gr_poorXreliability_avs=group_poor*reliability_avs

estimates clear
	global x_var  i.gender age  edu_years i.emp_stat2 i.mobility household_size married i.urban lazy privatization  social_trust
global cty_var b17.countryID 
	set more off
	logit tax_dummy   group_middle group_rich reliability_avs  gr_middleXreliability_avs gr_richXreliability_avs $x_var $cty_var, vce(cluster pais)
matrix list e(b)	

*/

#delimit ;
preserve;

set seed 339487731;

drawnorm SN_b1-SN_b35, n(10000) means(e(b)) cov(e(V)) clear;
postutil clear;
postfile mypost prob_hat0 lo0 hi0 prob_hat1 lo1 hi1 diff_hat diff_lo diff_hi 
            using "sim_poormiddle_M6table1_reliability.dta", replace;
            
noisily display "start";


local a=-5 ;
while `a' <= 5 { ;

{;



scalar h_female =0 ;
scalar h_age=40;
scalar h_edu_years= 10 ;
scalar h_public_empl=0 ;
scalar h_unemployed=0 ;
scalar h_non_employed=0;
scalar h_retired =0 ;
scalar h_remainedthesame =1 ;
scalar h_increased=0;
scalar h_household_size =4;
scalar h_married=1;
scalar h_urban=1 ;
scalar h_lazy=4 ;
scalar h_privatization=4;
scalar h_social_trust=3;
scalar h_MEX=.0995804 ;
scalar h_GTM=.0911879;
scalar h_CRI=.0966753 ;
scalar h_COL=.0884442 ;
scalar h_PER=.0934474;
scalar h_CHL=.0936088 ;
scalar h_URY=.0957069 ;
scalar h_BRA=.1894771;
scalar h_VEN=.0716591;
scalar h_constant=1;         

         

/*THE POOR AND THE MIDDLE CLASS*/
     generate x_betahat0  =  SN_b3*`a'   
                            + SN_b7 *h_female
                            + SN_b8 *h_age
                            + SN_b9 *h_edu_years
                            + SN_b11 *h_public_empl
                            + SN_b12 *h_unemployed
                            + SN_b13*h_non_employed
							+ SN_b14 *h_retired
							+ SN_b16*h_remainedthesame
							+ SN_b17*h_increased
							+ SN_b18 *h_household_size
							+ SN_b19*h_married
							+ SN_b21*h_urban
							+ SN_b22*h_lazy
							+ SN_b23*h_privatization
							+ SN_b24*h_social_trust
							+ SN_b25*h_MEX
							+ SN_b26*h_GTM
							+ SN_b27*h_CRI
							+ SN_b28*h_COL
							+ SN_b29*h_PER
							+ SN_b30*h_CHL
							+ SN_b31*h_URY
							+ SN_b32*h_BRA
							+ SN_b33*h_VEN
							+ SN_b35*h_constant;
							

                            
    generate x_betahat1  =  SN_b1*1
                            + SN_b3*`a'   
                            + SN_b4*`a'	
                             + SN_b7 *h_female
                            + SN_b8 *h_age
                            + SN_b9 *h_edu_years
                            + SN_b11 *h_public_empl
                            + SN_b12 *h_unemployed
                            + SN_b13*h_non_employed
							+ SN_b14 *h_retired
							+ SN_b16*h_remainedthesame
							+ SN_b17*h_increased
							+ SN_b18 *h_household_size
							+ SN_b19*h_married
							+ SN_b21*h_urban
							+ SN_b22*h_lazy
							+ SN_b23*h_privatization
							+ SN_b24*h_social_trust
							+ SN_b25*h_MEX
							+ SN_b26*h_GTM
							+ SN_b27*h_CRI
							+ SN_b28*h_COL
							+ SN_b29*h_PER
							+ SN_b30*h_CHL
							+ SN_b31*h_URY
							+ SN_b32*h_BRA
							+ SN_b33*h_VEN
							+ SN_b35*h_constant;

*/;
						
 						
*/;

    gen prob0 =normal(x_betahat0);
    gen prob1=normal(x_betahat1);
    gen diff=prob1-prob0;
    
    egen probhat0 =mean(prob0);
    egen probhat1=mean(prob1);
    egen diffhat=mean(diff);
    
    tempname prob_hat0 lo0 hi0 prob_hat1 lo1 hi1 diff_hat diff_lo diff_hi;  

    _pctile prob0, p(5,95) ;
    scalar `lo0' = r(r1);
    scalar `hi0' = r(r2);  
    
    _pctile prob1, p(5,95);
    scalar `lo1'= r(r1);
    scalar `hi1'= r(r2);  
    
    _pctile diff, p(5,95);
    scalar `diff_lo'= r(r1);
    scalar `diff_hi'= r(r2);  
   
    scalar `prob_hat0'=probhat0;
    scalar `prob_hat1'=probhat1;
    scalar `diff_hat'=diffhat;
    
    post mypost (`prob_hat0') (`lo0') (`hi0') (`prob_hat1') (`lo1') (`hi1') 
                (`diff_hat') (`diff_lo') (`diff_hi');
   
    };      
    
    drop x_betahat0 x_betahat1 prob0 prob1 diff probhat0 probhat1 diffhat;
    
    local a=`a'+ 1;
    
    display "." _c;
    
} ;

display "";

postclose mypost;

*     ****************************************************************  *;                                  
*       Call on posted quantities of interest                           *;
*     ****************************************************************  *;
restore;
#delimit ;

*drop yline MV;
merge using "sim_poormiddle_M6table1_reliability.dta";

gen yline=0;

gen MV = _n-5.9;
#delimit ;
replace  MV=. if _n>11;


* GRAPH MIDDLE CLASS;
graph twoway hist reliability_avs if wealth_group_3pais==2, percent color(gs14) yaxis(2)
        ||  line diff_hat MV, clwidth(medium) clcolor(blue) clcolor(black)
        ||  line diff_lo MV, clpattern(dash) clwidth(thin) clcolor(black)
        ||  line diff_hi MV, clpattern(dash) clwidth(thin) clcolor(black)
        ||  line yline MV,  clwidth(thin) clcolor(black) clpattern(solid)
        ||  ,   
            xlabel(-5(1)5, nogrid labsize(2)) 
            ylabel(-0.35(0.05)0.4 , axis(1) nogrid labsize(2))
            ylabel(0(2)8, axis(2) nogrid labsize(2))
            yscale(noline alt) yscale(noline alt axis(2)) xscale(noline) legend(off)
            yline(0, lcolor(black))
            yline(.001 .003 .005 .007, lcolor(white))
            xtitle("Trust in public institutions", size(2.5))
			subtitle("Middle")
			ytitle("Marginal effect of objective wealth measure", size(2.5))
            ytitle(" " " ", axis(2) size(2.5))            
		    xsca(titlegap(4)) ysca(titlegap(4)) ysca(axis(2) titlegap(4))
            scheme(s2mono) graphregion(fcolor(white) ilcolor(white) lcolor(white));
			
graph save Graph "sim_poormiddle_M6table1_reliability.gph", replace;
*/;
#delimit ;
drop  prob_hat0 lo0 hi0 prob_hat1 lo1 hi1 diff_hat diff_lo diff_hi _merge yline MV;

* POOR AND RICH

*/
#delimit ;
preserve;

set seed 339487731;

drawnorm SN_b1-SN_b35, n(10000) means(e(b)) cov(e(V)) clear;
postutil clear;
postfile mypost prob_hat0 lo0 hi0 prob_hat1 lo1 hi1 diff_hat diff_lo diff_hi 
            using "sim_poorrich_M6table1_reliability.dta", replace;
            
noisily display "start";


local a=-5 ;
while `a' <= 5 { ;

{;


scalar h_female =0 ;
scalar h_age=41;
scalar h_edu_years= 10 ;
scalar h_public_empl=0 ;
scalar h_household_size =4;
scalar h_urban=1 ;
scalar h_MEX=.0995804 ;
scalar h_GTM=.0911879;
scalar h_CRI=.0966753 ;
scalar h_COL=.0884442 ;
scalar h_PER=.0934474;
scalar h_CHL=.0936088 ;
scalar h_URY=.0957069 ;
scalar h_BRA=.1894771;
scalar h_VEN=.0716591;
scalar h_constant=1;   
        


						
 /*THE POOR AND THE RICH CLASS*/
    generate x_betahat0  =  SN_b3*`a'   
                             + SN_b7 *h_female
                            + SN_b8 *h_age
                            + SN_b9 *h_edu_years
                            + SN_b11 *h_public_empl
                            + SN_b12 *h_unemployed
                            + SN_b13*h_non_employed
							+ SN_b14 *h_retired
							+ SN_b16*h_remainedthesame
							+ SN_b17*h_increased
							+ SN_b18 *h_household_size
							+ SN_b19*h_married
							+ SN_b21*h_urban
							+ SN_b22*h_lazy
							+ SN_b23*h_privatization
							+ SN_b24*h_social_trust
							+ SN_b25*h_MEX
							+ SN_b26*h_GTM
							+ SN_b27*h_CRI
							+ SN_b28*h_COL
							+ SN_b29*h_PER
							+ SN_b30*h_CHL
							+ SN_b31*h_URY
							+ SN_b32*h_BRA
							+ SN_b33*h_VEN
							+ SN_b35*h_constant;
	
                            
    generate x_betahat1  =  SN_b2*1
                            + SN_b3*`a'   
                            + SN_b5*`a'	
							 + SN_b7 *h_female
                            + SN_b8 *h_age
                            + SN_b9 *h_edu_years
                            + SN_b11 *h_public_empl
                            + SN_b12 *h_unemployed
                            + SN_b13*h_non_employed
							+ SN_b14 *h_retired
							+ SN_b16*h_remainedthesame
							+ SN_b17*h_increased
							+ SN_b18 *h_household_size
							+ SN_b19*h_married
							+ SN_b21*h_urban
							+ SN_b22*h_lazy
							+ SN_b23*h_privatization
							+ SN_b24*h_social_trust
							+ SN_b25*h_MEX
							+ SN_b26*h_GTM
							+ SN_b27*h_CRI
							+ SN_b28*h_COL
							+ SN_b29*h_PER
							+ SN_b30*h_CHL
							+ SN_b31*h_URY
							+ SN_b32*h_BRA
							+ SN_b33*h_VEN
							+ SN_b35*h_constant;		
*/;	


    gen prob0 =normal(x_betahat0);
    gen prob1=normal(x_betahat1);
    gen diff=prob1-prob0;
    
    egen probhat0 =mean(prob0);
    egen probhat1=mean(prob1);
    egen diffhat=mean(diff);
    
    tempname prob_hat0 lo0 hi0 prob_hat1 lo1 hi1 diff_hat diff_lo diff_hi;  

    _pctile prob0, p(5,95) ;
    scalar `lo0' = r(r1);
    scalar `hi0' = r(r2);  
    
    _pctile prob1, p(5,95);
    scalar `lo1'= r(r1);
    scalar `hi1'= r(r2);  
    
    _pctile diff, p(5,95);
    scalar `diff_lo'= r(r1);
    scalar `diff_hi'= r(r2);  
   
    scalar `prob_hat0'=probhat0;
    scalar `prob_hat1'=probhat1;
    scalar `diff_hat'=diffhat;
    
    post mypost (`prob_hat0') (`lo0') (`hi0') (`prob_hat1') (`lo1') (`hi1') 
                (`diff_hat') (`diff_lo') (`diff_hi');
   
    };      
    
    drop x_betahat0 x_betahat1 prob0 prob1 diff probhat0 probhat1 diffhat;
    
    local a=`a'+ 1;
    
    display "." _c;
    
} ;

display "";

postclose mypost;


restore;
#delimit ;

*drop _merge  yline MV;
merge using "sim_poorrich_M6table1_reliability.dta";

gen yline=0;

gen MV = _n-5.9;
#delimit ;
replace  MV=. if _n>11;


graph twoway hist reliability_avs if wealth_group_3pais==3 , percent color(gs14) yaxis(2)
        ||  line diff_hat MV, clwidth(medium) clcolor(blue) clcolor(black)
        ||  line diff_lo MV, clpattern(dash) clwidth(thin) clcolor(black)
        ||  line diff_hi MV, clpattern(dash) clwidth(thin) clcolor(black)
        ||  line yline MV,  clwidth(thin) clcolor(black) clpattern(solid)
        ||  ,   
            xlabel(-5(1)5, nogrid labsize(2)) 
            ylabel(-0.35(0.05)0.4 , axis(1) nogrid labsize(2))
            ylabel(0(2)8 , axis(2) nogrid labsize(2))
            yscale(noline alt) yscale(noline alt axis(2)) xscale(noline) legend(off)
            yline(0, lcolor(black))
            yline(.001 .003 .005 .007, lcolor(white))
            xtitle("Trust in public institutions", size(2.5))
			subtitle("Affluent")
			ytitle("Percent of observations" , axis(2) size(2.5))
            ytitle(" ", size(2.5))
            xsca(titlegap(4)) ysca(titlegap(4)) ysca(axis(2) titlegap(4))
            scheme(s2mono) graphregion(fcolor(white) ilcolor(white) lcolor(white));
			
graph save Graph "sim_poorrich_M6table1_reliability.gph", replace;
*/;		


					
#delimit ;
graph combine 	"sim_poormiddle_M6table1_reliability.gph"
				"sim_poorrich_M6table1_reliability.gph" , 
scheme(s2mono) graphregion(fcolor(white) ilcolor(white) lcolor(white));
